The cuts that shape the structure of the tree crown. The crown of a tree is an arrangement of branches and limbs that are interconnected and exhibit specific mechanical properties. The basic property required of any tree is sufficient mechanical strength to withstand various loads. One of the most important is the resistance of the branches to breaking and branches to breaking not only under their own weight, but for heavy wind loads, due to snow or icing.
The vast majority of trees have the ability to form a guide crown, that is, such, in which the main shoot extending the trunk is the most important structural shaft. The distribution of the forces acting on the conductor depends on the arrangement of the branches and later side branches. Their arrangement on the trunk should be even on both sides. A large number of side branches should not be concentrated on too short a section of the conductor. This creates knots, which are easily broken and infected with wood. Places of successively growing side branches on the guide trunk should be separated by approx 30-70 cm depending on the thickness of the trunk and branches achieved by the tree. The very small angle of the side branches can also cause later breakages and infection of the wood. Therefore, the side branches should be tilted from the main trunk by 40-50 °. Trees with natural forms have a very good overall statics, that is, with a very short trunk and low-set branches.
When determining the distribution of the side branches of the branches on the circumference of the trunk, they usually leave a greater number on the side of the prevailing wind direction.. This avoids the possibility of distortion of the crown to some extent.
By making cuts to shape the crown of the tree, one should try to maintain the habit characteristics appropriate for a given species.